Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Shake N[original query] |
---|
Demographic and travel characteristics and self-reported predeparture SARS-CoV-2 testing behavior in air passengers entering the United States from foreign destinations from July to September 2021
Panasci A , Gearhart S , Shaum A , Simental AJ , Mitchell C , Mitcham D , Williams G , Shake N , Brown C , Gertz AM . Immun Inflamm Dis 2023 11 (12) e1019 INTRODUCTION: From January 2021 to June 2022, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention required predeparture SARS-CoV-2 testing for all air passengers arriving into the United States from a foreign country. METHODS: Using data collected during a surveillance project, we described predeparture testing behavior among a convenience sample of international air passengers entering the United States from July to September 2021 at six US ports of entry. We analyzed pairwise relationships between self-reported test type, test timing, demographic and travel characteristics, and COVID-19 vaccination status using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Participants were more likely to get a NAAT versus antigen test if they identified as non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (68.2%, n = 173), non-Hispanic Black (62.6%, n = 147), or if they preferred not to report race and ethnicity (60.8%, n = 209) when compared to those who identified as non-Hispanic White (47.1%, n = 1086, all p < 0.05). Those who identified as Hispanic or Latino (n = 671) were less likely to get a NAAT than the non-Hispanic White group (39.5% vs. 47.1%, p < 0.05). Participants arriving in the US from the Americas were less likely to get a NAAT (38.5%, n = 871) compared to those arriving from Europe (45.5%, n = 1165, p < 0.05). Participants who reported receiving their predeparture test 2 days or 3 or more days before departure were more likely to report receiving a NAAT (52.2%, n = 879, and 60.2%, n = 410, respectively) than those who reported testing within 1 day (41.4%, n = 1040, all p < 0.001) of departure. DISCUSSION: Test type was significantly associated with race and ethnicity, departure region, and test timing. Differences likely reflected regional disparities in the availability of tests at the time of the activity. Discrepancies in predeparture test timing and type worldwide may have consequences for the effectiveness and equity of travel requirements in future pandemics. |
Supplemental nutrients stimulate the amplification of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) in a sink drain in vitro biofilm reactor model
Burgos-Garay ML , Santiago AJ , Kartforosh L , Kotay S , Donlan RM . Biofouling 2021 37 (5) 1-16 Liquid wastes (LW) disposed in hospital handwashing sinks may affect colonization of sink P-traps by carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP), causing CPKP dispersal into the patient care environment. This study aimed to determine the effect of LW on biofilm formation and CPKP colonization in a P-Trap model (PTM). PTMs containing polymicrobial biofilms grown in autoclaved municipal tap water (ATW) supplemented with 5% dextrose in water (D5W), nutritional shake (Shake), sugar-based soft drink (Soda), or ATW were inoculated with K. pneumoniae ST258 KPC+ (ST258) or K. pneumoniae CAV1016 (CAV1016) and sampled after 7, 14, and 21 d. Biofilm bio-volume, mean thickness, and heterotrophic plate counts were significantly reduced and roughness coefficient significantly increased by Soda compared with D5W, Shake, or ATW. CPKP were significantly reduced by Soda but significantly amplified by D5W (ST258; CAV1016, 7 d) and Shake (ST258) suggesting that reducing LW disposal in sinks may reduce CPKP dispersal into patient care environments. |
Mean dietary salt intake in Nepal: A population survey with 24-hour urine collections
Neupane D , Rijal A , Henry ME , Kallestrup P , Koirala B , McLachlan CS , Ghimire K , Zhao D , Sharma S , Pokharel Y , Joseph K , Olsen MH , Schutte AE , Appel LJ . J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020 22 (2) 273-279 High salt (sodium chloride) intake raises blood pressure and increases the risk of developing hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about salt intake in Nepal, and no study has estimated salt consumption from 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Participants (n = 451) were recruited from the Community-Based Management of Non-Communicable Diseases in Nepal (COBIN) cohort in 2018. Salt intake was estimated by analyzing 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate differences in salt intake. The mean (+/-SD) age and salt intake were 49.6 (+/-9.8) years and 13.3 (+/-4.7) g/person/d, respectively. Higher salt intake was significantly associated with male gender (beta for female = -2.4; 95% CI: -3.3, -1.4) and younger age (beta10 years = -1.4; 95% CI: -1.4, -0.5) and higher BMI (beta = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.2). A significant association was also found between increase in systolic blood pressure and higher salt intake (beta = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.7). While 55% reported that they consumed just the right amount of salt, 98% were consuming more than the WHO recommended salt amount (<5 g/person/d). Daily salt intake in this population was over twice the limit recommended by the WHO, suggesting a substantial need to reduce salt intake in this population. It also supports the need of global initiatives such as WHO's Global Hearts Initiative SHAKE technical package and Resolves to Save Lives for sodium reduction in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. |
Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Virchow Infections Linked to a Powdered Meal Replacement Product - United States, 2015-2016.
Gambino-Shirley KJ , Tesfai A , Schwensohn CA , Burnett C , Smith L , Wagner JM , Eikmeier D , Smith K , Stone JP , Updike D , Hines J , Shade LN , Tolar B , Fu TJ , Viazis S , Seelman SL , Blackshear K , Wise ME , Neil KP . Clin Infect Dis 2018 67 (6) 890-896 Background: Nontyphoidal Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. Meal replacement products containing raw and 'superfood' ingredients have gained increasing popularity among consumers in recent years. In January 2016, we investigated a multistate outbreak of infections with a novel strain of Salmonella Virchow. Methods: Cases were defined using molecular subtyping procedures. Commonly reported exposures were compared with responses from healthy people interviewed in the 2006-2007 FoodNet Population Survey. Firm inspections and product traceback and testing were performed. Results: Thirty-five cases from 24 states were identified; 6 hospitalizations and no deaths were reported. Thirty-one (94%) of 33 ill people interviewed reported consuming a powdered supplement in the week before illness; of these, 30 (97%) reported consuming Product A, a raw organic powdered shake product consumed as a meal replacement. Laboratory testing isolated the outbreak strain of Salmonella Virchow from: leftover Product A collected from ill people's homes, organic moringa leaf powder (an ingredient in Product A), and finished product retained by the firm. Firm inspections at three facilities linked to Product A production did not reveal contamination at the facilities. Traceback identified that the contaminated moringa leaf powder was imported from South Africa. Conclusions: This investigation identified a novel outbreak vehicle and highlighted the potential risk with similar products not intended to be cooked by consumers before consuming. The company issued a voluntary recall of all implicated products. As this product has a long shelf-life, the recall likely prevented additional illnesses. |
Hospital-acquired listeriosis linked to a persistently contaminated milkshake machine
Mazengia E , Kawakami V , Rietberg K , Kay M , Wyman P , Skilton C , Aberra A , Boonyaratanakornkit J , Limaye AP , Pergam SA , Whimbey E , Olsen-Scribner RJ , Duchin JS . Epidemiol Infect 2017 145 (5) 1-7 One case of hospital-acquired listeriosis was linked to milkshakes produced in a commercial-grade shake freezer machine. This machine was found to be contaminated with a strain of Listeria monocytogenes epidemiologically and molecularly linked to a contaminated pasteurized, dairy-based ice cream product at the same hospital a year earlier, despite repeated cleaning and sanitizing. Healthcare facilities should be aware of the potential for prolonged Listeria contamination of food service equipment. In addition, healthcare providers should consider counselling persons who have an increased risk for Listeria infections regarding foods that have caused Listeria infections. The prevalence of persistent Listeria contamination of commercial-grade milkshake machines in healthcare facilities and the risk associated with serving dairy-based ice cream products to hospitalized patients at increased risk for invasive L. monocytogenes infections should be further evaluated. |
High-protein meal challenge reveals the association between the salivary cortisol response and metabolic syndrome in police officers
Baughman P , Andrew ME , Burchfiel CM , Fekedulegn D , Hartley TA , Violanti JM , Miller DB . Am J Hum Biol 2015 28 (1) 138-44 OBJECTIVES: Policing is considered a high-stress occupation and officers have elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To investigate a potential connection, we evaluated the association between salivary cortisol response to a high-protein meal challenge and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a subclinical disorder associated with increased cardiovascular risk. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study (2004-2009). MetSyn was defined as having ≥3 components: abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose intolerance. Officers provided five saliva samples for cortisol analysis, one before challenge (high-protein shake) and four at 15-min intervals thereafter, where the usual response is increase. Regression models were used to examine trends in mean number of MetSyn components across quartiles of area under the curve (AUC) salivary cortisol. Patterns of mean cortisol response were assessed by MetSyn status using repeated-measures analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Prevalence of MetSyn was 25.7% among 373 officers (74.0% male). The mean count of MetSyn components decreased (1.89, 1.75, 1.55, 1.37; P < 0.01) across increasing quartiles of AUC salivary cortisol. Mean salivary cortisol decreased from baseline (5.55, 4.58, 4.47, 4.79, 4.75 nmol/l) in officers with MetSyn and increased (5.08, 5.82, 5.92, 5.82, 5.60 nmol/l) in their counterparts. The test for interaction between MetSyn status and time of saliva collection was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced cortisol response to a high-protein meal challenge may be associated with MetSyn. Future longitudinal studies could provide useful evidence for planning intervention studies on cardiovascular risk among police officers. |
Recovery of HIV service provision post-earthquake
Walldorf JA , Joseph P , Valles JS , Sabatier JF , Marston BJ , Jean-Charles K , Louissant E , Tappero JW . AIDS 2012 26 (11) 1431-6 OBJECTIVE: To describe the level of functionality of President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-supported HIV clinical services following the devastating earthquake that struck Haiti in January 2010. DESIGN: Available program-monitoring data from sites providing voluntary counseling and testing for HIV (VCT), antenatal care (ANC) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) were described, comparing pre-earthquake and post-earthquake periods during October 2008 to May 2010. METHODS: Pre-earthquake HIV service baselines for VCT, PMTCT, and ART enrollment were defined as monthly mean total number of patients served over 15 months pre-earthquake. ART baseline was defined as total current patients by December 2009. Sites were categorized as high-earthquake or low-earthquake intensity based on location and instrumental shake intensity data. RESULTS: Pre-earthquake mean monthly baselines were 41,087 (VCT), 11,909 (HIV testing at ANC sites), 648 (ART enrollment), and 296 (PMTCT enrollment); baseline total current patients on ART was 24,863. Service provision in January and May 2010, reported as percentage of baseline, was 43 and 78.7% (VCT), 50.8 and 88.7% (HIV testing at ANC), 46 and 81% (PMTCT), and 41 and 82.7% (ART enrollment), respectively. Current patients on ART decreased to 97% of baseline in April, rising to 103.9% by May; the initial decline was restricted to high-earthquake intensity areas. CONCLUSION: Following the Haiti earthquake, there was a transient, marked decline in VCT and new ART patient enrollment, whereas follow-up of established ART patients remained impressively high. HIV treatment continuity should be reinforced in disaster preparedness and response strategies in HIV epidemic settings. |
Typhoid fever outbreak associated with frozen mamey pulp imported from Guatemala - western United States, 2010
Loharikar A , Newton A , Rowley P , Wheeler C , Bruno T , Barillas H , Pruckler J , Theobald L , Lance S , Brown JM , Barzilay EJ , Arvelo W , Mintz E , Fagan R . Clin Infect Dis 2012 55 (1) 61-6 BACKGROUND: Fifty-four outbreaks of domestically-acquired typhoid fever were reported between 1960-99. In 2010, the Southern Nevada Health District detected an outbreak of typhoid fever among persons who had not recently travelled abroad. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship between illness and exposures. A case was defined as illness with the outbreak strain of Salmonella serotype Typhi, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), with onset during 2010. Controls were matched by neighborhood, age, and sex. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis was completed using logistic regression. Traceback investigation was completed. RESULTS: We identified twelve cases in three states with onset from April 15-September 4, 2010. The median age of case-patients was 18 years (range 4-48), eight (67%) were female, and 11 (92%) were Hispanic. Nine (82%) were hospitalized; none died. Consumption of frozen mamey pulp in a fruit shake was reported by 75% (6/8) of case-patients and no (0/33) controls (matched odds ratio [mOR]=33.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 4.9-undefined). Traceback investigations implicated two brands of frozen mamey pulp from a single manufacturer in Guatemala, which was also implicated in a 1998-99 outbreak of typhoid fever in Florida. CONCLUSION: Reporting of individual cases of typhoid fever and subtyping of isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis resulted in rapid detection of an outbreak, associated with a ready-to- eat frozen food imported from a typhoid-endemic region. Improvements in food manufacturing practices and monitoring will prevent additional outbreaks from occurring. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 06, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure